With a bit of help from @WFab I got reacquainted with this technique. I experimented a few times with creating a single weight map gradient for use with an imported color table, so this was not entirely new to me. I just gravitated toward using individual masks and a number of internal gradients for a lot of my terrains. I expanded a bit from the tutorial WFab recommended, incorporating a few of my own techniques, on this quick practice terrain.
I really do like the kind of results this produces.